Analysis of yield traits, oil content and protein concentration in canola (Brassica napus L.) in relation to various nitrogen and seed rates

Analysis of yield traits, oil content and protein concentration in canola (Brassica napus L.) in relation to various nitrogen and seed rates 

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Shah Nawaz Khan1, Zahid Hussain1, Wajid Ali Shah1, Subhan Uddin2, Manzoor Ahmad1, Roohul Amin1, Muhammad Ishaq1*, Aamir Khan1, Muhammad Wisal1, Sefat Ullah1 and Murad Ali1 

1. Department of Agriculture - Agronomy, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda-Pakistan 

2. Department of Agricultural Mechanization, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan 

*Corresponding author’s email: ishaqagronomist@gmail.com  

Citation:

Shah Nawaz Khan, Zahid Hussain, Wajid Ali Shah, Subhan Uddin, Manzoor Ahmad, Roohul Amin, Muhammad Ishaq, Aamir Khan, Muhammad Wisal, Sefat Ullah and Murad Ali. Analysis of yield traits, oil content and protein concentration in canola (Brassica napus L.) in relation to various nitrogen and seed rates. Pure and Applied Biology. Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp112-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90014  

Abstract:

Nitrogen plays an important role in protein formation, cell improvement, protoplasm and other photosynthetic activities. Therefore, a field study was conducted at Bacha Khan Agricultural Research Farm, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, during 2015-2016. The experiment was laid down according to Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) having three replications with plot size of 1.5m x 4m. Two factors were studied, i.e. Nitrogen levels (0, 50, 75 & 100 kg ha-1) and Seed rates (3, 6 and 9 kg ha-1). Seed rates resulted in maximum  emergence (55 m-2),  plant height (147 cm),  thousand  grains weight (3.4 g) and grain  yield (2026 kg ha-1) were recorded with seed rate of 9 kg ha-1 while minimum days to maturity (155), maximum oil content (45%), Absolute growth rate (AGR) (7.4 g m-2 day-1), grain nitrogen content (2.6 %) and straw nitrogen content (1.5 %)  were recorded with the seed rate of 3 followed by 6 kg ha-1. Except emergence, nitrogen performed better and maximum plant height (147 cm), 1000 grains weight (3.5 g), grain yield (2211 kg ha-1), Absolute growth rate (AGR) (10.3 g m-2 day-1), Nitrogen content in grain (2.7 %) and nitrogen content in straw (1.6 %) were achieved with 100 kg N ha-1 while minimum days to maturity (155) and grain oil content (44%) were obtained with 50 kg N ha-1. Grain yield and oil content of canola increased with seed rate 6 kg followed by 9 kg ha-1 while 100 & 50 kg N ha-1 enhanced grain yield & oil content.

Keywords: Brassica napus L; Canola; Nitrogen levels; Oil content; Protein content; Seed rates

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Designing for iPhone X: Tips and Tricks

iPhone X is already here redesigning the way the content is displayed and creating a brand-new experience. It has an edge to edge Super Retina Display with a resolution of 1125×2436 px. iPhone X features a special cut-out at the top of the screen. Thus designing apps for this futuristic machine brings new challenges as well as opportunities. Let’s learn how to design an app or game to feel and look great on iPhone X.

Screen Sizes

Source: Apple

Though the screen width remains the same for iPhone X, and it's 145 pt taller than the iPhone 6, 7, and 8. Such screen dimensions result in 20% more vertical space. When working out the app design for iPhone X, try not to make the UI too complex taking advantage of all new features (cut-out, new home indicator, round edges).

The good news is if you have a native app for iOS, you don’t have to make any changes - the app will be automatically adopted for the new iPhone X. All navigation bars, collection views, tables, and tab bars will be automatically positioned. When designing, you must ensure that the layouts fit the screen perfectly. If your app has a custom layout, you may need to update it for the new iPhone X. With the Auto Layout, everything will be easy.

Source: Apple

Specific challenges may occur with full-screen images. If you use them, consider updating the app while they can be cropped and some essential elements may be hidden.

Source: Apple

Center your content

The device features new sensors and particular screen corners so make sure that your UI won’t get clipped. Speaking about the content, it’s preferable to place it in the center with symmetrical insets. Again with the Auto Layout, your content will be automatically adapted to the safe area of iPhone X. Nothing will be hidden behind round corners, home indicator or sensors.

Source: Apple

Note, Apple highly recommend not to hide the cut-out and curved edges. So forget about placing black bars.

Brand-new status bar

Source: Apple

Due to the sensors, the new bar has got 2 parts. It has become nearly 2x taller than on iPhone 6,7, and 8 (previously it was 20 pt, and now it’s 44 pt). So if your app features a fixed status bar and content just below it, consider updating the app in order not lose anything. Again, don’t forget about the safe area while designing a new app or iOS.

Moreover, the status bar should be visible all time. Since the screen is bigger and taller, it would be a good idea to unhide the bar. It is essential to point, that the new status bar doesn’t change its height when the device records voice or tacks the location.

Where to place interactive controls?

Since the physical home button was replaced by the home indicator, the place of interactive controls should be changed. There should be more space for gestures and swiping up around the home indicator. And if there are interactive controls, how will the user go back to the home screen? The users may accidentally use swiping up, and the UI of an app will be difficult to reach since every time they swipe, they will go back to the home screen.

However, you should and have to use the function bars and tab bars but try not to interfere with the home indicator.

Source: Apple

Smart home indicator

iPhone X features a redesigned home indicator. Apple decided to opt out of a physical home button. It’s a small white line on the bottom of the screen. To get back to the homescreen, you can swipe up from any app.

With the new iOS, the users get an adoptive home indicator which hides automatically when the screen is inactive and appears when you relaunch the app. This function comes in handy when listing photos or watching videos. Besides the auto-hide, the home indicator adapts to the color of your app’s background and changes it automatically.

With the new smart home indicator, there is no place for button pressing, everything is controlled by gestures. Moreover, you can use custom gestures in games as well as set own gestures to control the device.

More colors than ever before

iPhone X features the new Super Retina Display with the support of P3 colors. And it means that the colors are richer and more saturated when compared to the older devices.

Improved security with Face ID

Previously, iPhones were fitted with Touch ID. And iPhone X features Face ID for authentication to keep your data secure. Face ID features state-of-the-art algorithms to scan your face and unlock iPhone X. In case your app needs Apple Pay or other identifications, don’t integrate Touch ID for that, take advantage of the new technology brought up by Apple.

Video

The new screen of iPhone X changes the way video is played on the device. The system video player has two viewing modes - full-screen and fit-to-screen. Make sure that all custom video players behave as expected. The video should fill the display when played. If it fails, it may result in too much cropping. Moreover, it would be great if the users will be able to switch between two viewing modes.

Apple advises keeping the original aspect ratio since the iOS won’t be able to scale the video based on the viewing mode correctly.

Source: Apple

Where can I preview my app UI for iPhone X?

The good news is you can use Xcode 9 stimulator to preview your app. And check if something needs to be updated for iPhone X.

In a nutshell

Though the new iPhone X stands out from the crowd providing absolutely new user experience, designing apps for iPhone X is still a smooth sail. Take care of the new display capabilities and its dimensions and make most of them.

Author bio:
Helen Morrice - Technical writer and copywriter at IDAP Group. Say “hi” to us on Facebook or Twitter.

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10 Best Girly and Charming WordPress Themes

WordPress has a plethora of themes in different categories. Most of these themes can be used the way they are which will enable you to design your website quickly. Keeping in view the surge in the Internet usage by girls, feminine design websites have come up. Also, most of the bloggers are considering a more girly take on their website as the feminine design elements are often represented better. A website which has a feminine tag projects a tender, amiable and trustable design. People also trust brands that have a feminine side.

So, if you are among those who want to implement a feminine design to his website then you have come to the right place. Below I am going to showcase the 10 best girly WordPress themes which include feminine design elements.

1. Glam Pro

Glam Pro is a WordPress theme which has been designed by the StudioPress company. It is perfect for all those who are looking for a beautifully designed framework and high-quality support. The theme will work as a child theme for the Genesis framework. This will turn the theme into a customizable solution and provide you with numerous options for scaling up. There is a lot of white space in the design of the theme that will enable you to create a mellow take on the entire female based layout. Glam Pro theme is well suited for both the blogs and businesses. The custom page templates will enable you to add variety to the entire website.

2. Kloe

If you want to create a fashion or lifestyle blog without doing much effort then the Kloe WordPress theme is perfect for you. Firstly you will have to choose your homepage. All the options like showcases, sliders, carousels and showcases will be offered you by the theme. The awesome blog templates will allow you to keep variety among the posts. There is no need to change the post formats however you be able to differentiate among the different categories. The demo content can be imported by one click which will include the text items and images which you will be able to witness on the theme demo.

3. Rachel

Rachel WordPress theme is one of the most feminine looking themes out there. The theme will enable you to design a blog which is related to style, beauty and decor. There is an ad banner that is available at the top of the homepage. This will allow you to monetize the theme. Placing the ads is quite easy as there is no need to work with the code. The theme is responsive which will make it run easily on the different devices. There is no need to search for a third party social media plugin as the theme will offer you social media icons. The recent blog posts will be featured on the homepage which will allow the users to view the images and descriptions from the start itself.

4. Elegant Pink Pro

Elegant Pink Pro will offer a mesmerizing design to your website. The theme comes with some amazing out of the box features which include search engine optimization, social media integration and responsiveness. This will enable your website to work great on every device. The best part of the theme is that it is highly customizable. You can get an option to choose from six homepage layouts and header layouts. The theme is completely compatible with WooCommerce.

5. Bakes and Cakes Pro

This WordPress theme has a simple but stunning design and is great for giving your website a feminine look. Along with using the theme for food-related websites you can use it for any other genre as well. The theme is great for creating a personal or professional looking business website. It will draw the attention of your visitors or customers on what you are offering on your website which is great for conversion. The theme is available free of cost.

6. CheerUp

CheerUp is an eloquent, youthful, dynamic and visually appealing WordPress theme. It is a highly responsive multipurpose blog website theme. It does not matter what experience you possess or which background you are, the theme will satisfy all your blogging needs. For customizing your blog, CheerUp will offer you wide range of features. There are more than 100 unique blog layouts to choose from. This will ensure that your blog gets the maximum exposure which will make your audience grow.

7. Javelin

Javelin is a premium multipurpose WordPress theme. The theme comes with a streamlined set of tools that will enable you to design modern looking websites. The flexible demo sites provided by the theme will adapt to any of your needs in a matter of few minutes. The theme will allow you to customize each and every section of the website through its 40+ elements and widgets. The theme will offer you parallax background, video backgrounds and scrolling. You can customize your portfolio single item layouts in order to suit your needs.

8. Parlour

Parlour is a WordPress theme that is centered towards women and their needs. The design of the theme is such which will allure most of the women to visit your website. There are a number of features which are housed by Parlour that will give you the needed speed, flexibility and efficiency. The theme is great for your business and will enable you to earn money from it. You will be able to build full page animated sliders in a matter of few minutes. Parlour theme provides a balance between the full design capabilities and an engaging interface.

9. Juliet

Juliet is a girly and elegant WordPress theme which is beautiful and appealing at the same time. There are a number of options for displaying pictures which include banners and sliders. Typography and backgrounds of the theme have been chosen carefully with more than 600 beautiful Google Fonts and Google Analytics image or color integration for the style. The theme is made from numerous blog layouts and the special posts design. There is a built-in system that will enable you to relate the post suggestions which are based on the activity.

10. The Essence

It is an attractive WordPress theme which has a minimalistic and clean design. The theme is quite easy to use and responsive in nature. There is a dedicated team of developers and designers that have worked for providing an engaging platform for the webmasters. There are a number of widgets and plugins which will add functionality to your website and drive traffic to your posts and pages.

In The End

All the themes which have been mentioned in this post are unique in their own way and will offer you the needed features to design your website. Depending on the requirements of your website you can choose a theme.

Apart from the themes which have been showcased above, there might be some other attractive girly WordPress themes. I would love to know about them from you along with your views about the post in the comments section below.


Author's Bio:
Lauren McLaren was born and raised in Australia. She is working for Digital Muscle, an Seo Company in Australia which provides affordable seo services to their clients worldwide. She’s hardworking, competent and trustworthy. Her role within the company is to manage a team of SEO Specialists. In her spare time, she loves to read, cook and watch movies.

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Does Black Hat SEO Really Work?

In the field of search engine optimization (SEO), there are three kinds of techniques webmasters may follow in order to help attain good page rankings: white hat, gray hat, and black hat SEO. While we all know that white hat SEO deals more on the quality and relevance of content on the site, and gray hat techniques focus more on methods that stand in between the white hat and the black hat. Black hat SEO meanwhile is not actually recommended since while it can produce positive results instantly, it can eventually put your site on peril because of the violations you would be incurring by following their techniques. But as to your site’s performance metrics, does black hat SEO really work? 

Before we come with an answer to that question, let us first review the common techniques which fall under black hat SEO:

Cloaking

Page cloaking is among the common practice among webmasters who want to earn high page rankings in a short period of time. In cloaking, you use an automated script that shows a different web page to a search engine spider (Googlebot) from that of a human user. In the black hat perspective, cloaking increases the page views of an unpopular site at a faster rate, hence increasing its ranking in search engines. Cloakers give fake pages to bots or spiders, these pages filled up with keywords making them search-engine friendly, while at the same time providing the real web page to actual users.

Invisible text

Another black hat technique is the use of invisible text. This is the use of hard to read texts (either the fonts are too small or of the same color as the background) which are actually links that when clicked accidentally, redirects the visitor to another site (usually ad sites). Invisible texts are effective for pay-per-click ads, however they do tend to trick users who may not want to visit the ad in the first place.

Doorway pages

Some SEO firms prefer practicing the use of doorway pages in order to achieve high site rankings. There are sites which open on pages with no content, but it will redirect you to the actual destination page.

Spam

Spam are worthless web pages with nothing on them; they are created for the sole purpose of attaining high rankings in the search engines. They pose to contain the information you are looking for, but rather show up to be pages filled with a myriad of advertisements which you may find annoying.

Keyword stuffing

In keyword stuffing, the webpage is filled with keywords, even paragraphs containing keywords that don’t make any sense. Like the other methods, keyword stuffing is meant to improve the site’s rankings since the use of keywords are SEO friendly.

Actually, these techniques do bring about drastic changes in your site once you apply them. The main goal of these methods is to increase your site’s page ranking in search engines and search results in keyword-based inquiries. As stated earlier, there are SEO companies who prefer to use some of these techniques mainly because they are easier and bring in the results faster. Hence, if you are desperate enough to change the current status of your site, then these techniques can actually help you.

It doesn’t really matter which technique you use in improving your website; the white, gray and black hat methods provide you with almost the same results. However, search engines do have their own rules and regulations which you have to conform with. Google as well as other search engines have set up these conditions to maintain justice and fair play amidst the competition of different sites found in the internet. Also, black hat methods in a way trick human users by not providing them with the things that they are asking for, or giving them things which they don’t need.

Using these techniques can easily end the life of your site, since search engines have imposed penalties to those caught doing these practices. These penalties range from suspension of the site to actual termination of the site. Given so, it is better to stay away from these techniques since despite providing you with instant results, in the long run they can damage your business and put all your efforts into waste.



Author bio:
Beatrice Howell, writer and editor for Phdify.com
A high qualification, experience in students newspapers, Beatrice works with dissertations, essays, articles, reviews, summaries and other students work, help in university selection and preparation to entry exams.

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Tips for Junior Web Developers

With more and more businesses moving online these days, it’s becoming increasingly useful to acquire coding skills. Like any profession, one has to start from the bottom. Luckily for learning web development, there is plenty of information and tutorials available on the internet, but it’s easy to overwhelmed and put off with so much information. So, here’s some tips for when you’re first starting out.

Learn the basics first

This is probably the most important thing to do. It’s easy to get carried away while coding, so you will want to try and ground yourself and make sure you have covered the basics. It’s not a good idea to dive into building a sophisticated web application when you don’t understand what a “for” loop is. So, make sure you’ve spent adequate time learning the fundamentals before branching out into the more complicated stuff.

Learn from others

If you work in an environment where you can view other, more experienced developers’ code, then that’s great. Make sure you immerse yourself in their code and ask them as many questions as possible. You will want to strive to understand every line of code you can read. They may not have written it perfectly but as long as you’re learning it will still be beneficial. If you don’t have access to code bases where you work, then take a look at open source code libraries, there’s millions out there.

Find a mentor

Another fantastic way to speed up your learning is to ask a colleague who knows how to code, or contact a tutor on the internet and ask them to be your mentor. This might mean they would perform code reviews on your work, or to even pair program with you. This will help you rapidly speed your understanding up as you will be able to ask them specific questions which you would probably not be able to ask in any other context.

Divide and conquer

Probably my favorite technique is the method of applying the divide and conquer principle to your programming. This takes a little bit of time to master but it works the same as in any other context. You will start with a big problem, such as the need to build an entire website, and break it up into smaller problems, such as the need to build a header, footer or navigation bar. By utilizing this strategy, you will be able to tackle larger problems and not get overwhelmed.

The road to becoming a web developer is a long and challenging one. However, if you follow these tips, you’ll be creating complex web apps in no time.


Author bio:
Written by Daniel Boterhoven from Viewport Tech.

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How to Choose Perfect Blogging Niche for your blog?

Are you thinking of launching a blog? If your answer is 'yes', then it is really a great news! You have the first step down here. Before you decided to launch a blog, you should know what your blog would be, means the niche you target. Beyond doubt, you can launch a blog anytime you like, but there are something you need to keep in mind about your blog and its niches. Moreover, these types of blogs are sometimes as successful; due to the reason, most of the people search the Internet to find out only one question what would be my blog niche? The answer is simple. You can choose any niche for your blog; it can be for health, entertainment, sports or multiple things in one. Let us see what the niche is.

What a Blog Niche is?

A niche is normally that your blog concentrates and would be about or the type you focus to write for your visitors or the topic you covers to share information to the audiences. You can have a broad niche or a tight one, but there is no ‘’incorrect’’ niche. Because, all niches are good, but to find the best fits is a challenge and your passion would go for that.

However, when readers look for solving the issues and your blog is nothing but ramblings on a random topic, how your blog will solve their issues? That is why niche blogs are popular these days. For example, whether you wish to stay updated on fashion, sports or other trends, you will follow the exact trends because your rely that they will continuously solve your issue. Whether you wish to alleviate the boredom, you may hit up the buzz feed or any other entertainment or sport blogs, which continuously deliver the solution to your boredom.

Let us see the example of the niches

• Blogging
• Technology
• Online marketing
• Health and fitness
• Gossip
• Cooking and recipe
• Sports and games
• Interior decoration

Normally a niche blog targets a large number of audiences, and keeps them coming back repeatedly. Now the question is how exactly can you choose or find your blog niche? Read out these topics below.

• Choose the Niche you like to write and love to write
• Find your passion and write on that
• Find a hole in the market and choose the niche
• How to find the best niche possible
• How to dominate your niche
• Your network and your niche

What Your Passion Is?

Everybody has the things that they love. Everybody has the things that they like to read and sometimes love to write. If you have something passion like that you should share your knowledge through blogging. Blogging is one of the most reliable ways by which you can share your knowledge to the people all around the world. Select your passion first and start blogging. It is easy, because it can be sport, online marketing, technology, health and so on.

What Special Area of Expertise You Have?

If you have a special area of expertise, like healthcare, health and fitness, sport or technology, you can select anyone niche or multiple to start blogging. There are many people around the world having their own niches and those niches are good and proved to be the best when they share knowledge to others. You need to have a question, what can you write to share your extensive knowledge to the people online.

Look at your final list

By now, you have come to know about blog niches and have already selected few to start blogging on them. Maybe you have decided only one niche and maybe you have six. It is okay, but you should look at the list you have chosen and according to that find your passion, for which you can write unrestrained.

Be Confident and go for that

Last, but certainly not the list, there is no set-in-stone niche for your blog to target. When your passion meets, the perfect niche and you are comfortable working on that you will get your niche, whatsoever the niche is, sport, fashion, technology, health or others.



Author Bio:
Sunny Chawla is a Marketing Manager at AIS Technolabs - a Web-design and Development Company. Helping global businesses with unique and engaging tools for their business.

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How to Make Laptop Battery Last Longer

If you want to learn how to make your laptop battery last longer then you can do this without spending any money. Many people who want learn how to make their laptop battery last longer are not usually doing anything that is too much on the CPU. That means that the laptop is simply wasting energy being fast when it doesn't really need to. There are features that can be used in Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10 to balance this but they are not always as dependable as you would think when it comes to making your laptop battery last longer.

If you want get the most out of your laptop battery then you will have to use the laptop BIOS settings to help you. You will need to access this menu as soon as you power up your laptop. That means you will need to figure out which button your laptop responds to before Windows starts up. This button is usually ESC, F1, F2, or DEL. Of course, this button can be different from those, but those are the most common.

In the laptop BIOS settings you can change the settings for the operation of the CPU. Instead of allow the CPU to switch to and from speeds, you can simply force the CPU to be always low. In most cases, that is more than enough to do things other than play video games. This will greatly increase laptop CPU battery performance. The laptop CPU is usually the part of the laptop that drains the most energy so the laptop CPU battery usage is almost always a major part of the laptop battery life. Aside with helping with laptop battery usage, this will also increase the life of the laptop itself since it will also be operating at a much lower temperature than normal.

Another thing that you can do in the laptop BIOS settings is force the screen brightness to be low even when the AC adapter is plugged in. Any type of light that bright is assured to drain a lot of energy regardless if it is on a laptop or not so that is a great way to prolong laptop battery life. You can also disable error beeping, remove unnecessary boot devices, and disable any device that you know that you are going to use anytime soon to prolong laptop life. Individually, those things are minute but they add up when you perform all of them at once. Need more laptop caring tips? Bestprogramminglaptop.com is a good resource to know more about Laptop battery caring tips.

What do you do to ensure long lasting for your laptop battery? Let me know in the comment section.

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How To Get Adsense Approval In 2018

Are you still asking questions like how to get Adsense Approval? If yes then this article is going to be the best article for you. Getting Adsense approval is not that difficult anyone can get Adsense approval easily just by following Google Adsense rules. Now you will ask what kind of rules we have to follow even I have a good website that is getting handsome traffic from search engines.

But a

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