As Govt Moves to Repeal Article 370, A Look at What the Constitution Says on J&k Special Status The Narendra Modi government has decided to revoke the Article 370, which grants special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir, Meanwhile moving ahead with its plan to fundamentally change J&K’s relation to India despite its potential to cause massive unrest in the region.
The BJP has been opposing the special standing for Jammu for a protracted time. It had earlier claimed that it could not repeal Article 370 during Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s government due to a lack of a majority. The BJP has been opposing it since Jan Sangh days.
WHAT IS ARTICLE 370?
This Article specific that except for defence foreign Affair communications and ancillary matters (matters specified in the Instrument of Accession) the Indian Parliament needs the state government concurrence for applying all other laws thus the state residents lived below a separate set of laws including those related to citizenship ownership of property and fundamental rights as compared to other Indians
Some key points of Article 370.
Dealing with Article 370 in the chapter on Jammu and Kashmir, the BJP manifesto in 2014 said: “the BJP reiterates its stand on the Constitution provides and will discuss this with all stakeholders and remains committed to the repeal of this article”. The come of Kashmiri Pandits to the land of their ancestors with full dignity, security, and assured livelihood will figure high on the BJP’s agenda, it added. Similar protections for unique status exist in tribal areas of India, including those in Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Nagaland.
However, it is only in the case of J&K that it still matters in India and Pakistan.agenda of the global organization council and wherever the govt of Asian country vide 1974 Indira-Sheikh. Accord committed itself to stay the connection between the Union and Jammu and Kashmir within the ambit of this Article.
Most important News About Article 370:
In an announcement with massive repercussions for Jammu and Kashmir. Amit Shah has announced in Rajya Sabha that the government has decided to repeal Article 370 of the Constitution.
The government has also decided to bifurcate the state into two Union territories – Jammu and Kashmir. Which will have a legislature, and Ladakh, which will be without a legislature.
Shah’s announcement was immediately followed by a massive uproar. In the Parliament with opposition MPs protesting in the Well of the House. Back in the Valley, three of Jammu and Kashmir’s most prominent politicians — Mehbooba Mufti, Omar Abdullah, and Sajjad.
Internet services and mobile services are suspended in many places. Everyone in public gathering square measures illegal in Srinagar district as section one hundred forty-four was obligatory. 11.58 AM: Amit Shah on UT status to J&K
The Constitution
“Keeping in view the prevailing internal security situation, fuelled by cross border terrorism in the existing state of J&K. A separate Union Territory for Jammu and Kashmir is being created. The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir will be with the legislature.” 11.49 AM: The Constitution (Application To Jammu And Kashmir) Order
In conclusion, All the provisions of the Constitution, as amended from time to time, shall apply with the State of J&K. The exceptions and modifications subject to which they shall therefore apply shall be as follows: To article 367, there shall be added the following clause, After that namely (4) For the needs of this Constitution because it applies to the State of Jammu and Kashmir
(a) References to the current Constitution or the provisions thence shall be construed as references to the Constitution or the provisions thence as applied about the aforesaid State;
(b) References to the person for the time being recognized by the President on the recommendation of the Legislative Assembly of the State as the Sadar-i-Riyasatof Jammu and Kashmir. (c) References to the Government of the said State shall be construed as including references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir acting on the advice of his Council of Ministers; (d) In the proviso to the clause of Article 370 of this Constitution. The expression “Constituent Assembly of the State referred to in clause shall read “Legislative Assembly of the State”
11.46 AM: The Constitution, 2019, says: ” It shall come into force at once. And shall thereupon the Constitution (Application to J&K). Order, 1954 as amended from time to time.”
Lionel Messi is an associate Argentine good participant WHO plays as a forward and captains conjointly the Argentina national team.
typically thought of the only player inside the planet of one in each of the most effective players
Messi includes a record-tying five Ballon d’Or awards, four of that he won consecutively,
and a record six European Golden Shoes. He has spent his entire good career with the town,
where he has won a club-record thirty-four trophies, four UEFA Champions League titles, and 6 Copas del Rey.
A prolific goalscorer and an artless playmaker, Messi holds the records for several goals in La Liga (419),
a La Liga and European league season (50), most hat-tricks within the UEFA Champions League (8).
He has scored over 695 senior career goals for club and country.
Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi was diagnosed with an endocrine deficiency as a baby. At age 13, he settled to the Kingdom of a European country to affix town,
WHO in agreement to urge hold of his medical treatment. when a fast progression through Barcelona’s youth academy.
Despite being injury-prone throughout his early career.
he established himself as an associate integral player for the club within the following three years.
finishing 2007 as a contest for every the Ballon d’Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award,
an action he perennial the following year. His first uninterrupted season was 2008–09.
throughout that, he helped town bring home the bacon the first treble in a Spanish football game.
At twenty 2 years previous, Messi won the 2009 Ballon d’Or.
conjointly the 2009 FIFA World Player of the Year award by record selection margins.
3 flourishing seasons followed, with Messi winning three consecutive FIFA Ballons d’Or, along with side associate new fourth.
throughout the 2011–12 season, he set the La Liga and European records for several goals scored throughout one season,
whereas establishing himself as Barcelona’s unrivaled high scorer in official competitions in March 2012
the subsequent a pair of seasons, Messi finished double second for the Ballon d’Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo.
Messi regained his best type throughout the 2014–15 campaign,
breaking the incomparable goalscoring records in each La Liga and also the Champions League in Gregorian calendar month 2014.
leading Barcelona to a historic second treble.
An Argentine international, Messi is his country’s unrivaled leading goalscorer.
At the youth level, he won the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship.
finishing the tournament with every the Golden Ball and Golden Shoe.
His variety of play as a diminutive, left-footed dribbler thespian comparisons alongside his subject Diego Maradona.WHO pictured Messi as his successor.
when his senior debut in August 2005, Messi became the youngest Argentine to play.
score throughout a FIFA tournament throughout the 2006 edition and reached the ultimate of the 2007 Copa América,
where he was named young player of the tournament. because the squad’s captain from August 2011,
the diode Argentina to three consecutive finals: the 2014 FIFA tournament, that he won the Golden Ball.
and also the 2015 and 2016 Copas América. when declarative his international retirement in 2016.
Early life
Lionel Andrés Messi was born on twenty-four New Style calendar month 1987 in Rosario the third of the four youngsters of Jorge Messi.
a steelworks manager, and his partner Celia Cuccittini.WHO worked in an exceeding magnet producing workshop On his father’s side, he is of Italian and Spanish descent.
the great-grandson of immigrants from the northcentral Adriatic Italian region of country and territory, and on his mother’s aspect,
he has primarily Italian ancestry. Growing up throughout an integrated, football-loving family.”Leo” developed a passion for the game from an associate degree to an early age. taking part in perpetually together with his older brothers,
taking part in perpetually together with his older brothers,
Rodrigo and Matías, and his cousins, Maximiliano, and Emanuel Biancucchi, every of whom became good footballers. At the age of 4, he joined native club Grandoli,
wherever he was coached by his father, although his earliest influence as a player came from his maternal gran, Celia, WHO accompanied him to coaching and matches.
He was greatly affected by her death, shortly before his eleventh birthday; since then, as a devout Catholic, he has celebrated his goals by wanting up and inform to the sky in tribute of his gran.
“When you saw him you’d think: this kid cannot play ball. he is a dwarf, he is too fragile, too small. however sort of a shot you’d realize that he was born utterly completely different, that he was a development that he was attending to be o ne issue spectacular.”
Newell’s previous Boys youth coach Adrián Coria shares his first impression of the 12-year-old Messi.
A long supporter of Newell’s previous Boys, Messi joined the Rosario club once he was six years previous. throughout the six years he vies for Newell’s, he scored just about 5 hundred goals as a member of “The Machine of ’87”,
the near-unbeatable youth aspect named for the year of their birth, and regularly amused crowds by taking part in ball tricks throughout half-time of the first team’s home games. However,
his future as an associate degree skilled player was vulnerable once, at age 10, he was diagnosed with an endocrine deficiency.
As his father’s insurance coated exclusively a pair of years of endocrine treatment, that price a minimum of $1,000 per month, Newell’s in agreement to contribute,
however, later reneged on their promise.
He was scouted by national capital club watercourse Plate, whose playmaker, Pablo Aimar, he adored, but they were together unable to urge hold of his treatment due to the country’s economic collapse.
His goalscoring idol growing up was Ronaldo, with Messi’s job him “the best forward I’ve ever seen”.
Club career
Barcelona
2003–05: Rise to the first team
“It appeared as if he had been fiddling with the North American nation all his life.”
—Barcelona’s then-assistant coach Henk 10 Cate on Messi’sfirst-team debut.
During the 2003–04 season, his fourth with urban center, Messi quickly progressed through the club’s ranks, debuting for a record five teams in a single campaign.
After being named player of the tournament in four international pre-season competitions with the Juveniles B, he played only one official match with the team before being promoted to the Juveniles A,
wherever he scored eighteen goals in eleven league games. Messi was then one among many youth players referred to as up to strengthen a depleted team throughout the international break.
French jock Ludovic Giuly explained, however, a teen Leo caught the attention in a very coaching session with Frank Rijkaard’s initial team:
“He destroyed the North American nation all… They were kicking him all over the place to avoid being ridiculed by this child, he simply got up and unbroken on enjoying.
He would dribble past four players and score a goal. Even the team’s starting center-backs were nervous. He was an alien.”
At sixteen years, four months, and twenty-three days previous, Messi made his first-team debut when he came on in the 75th minute during a friendly against José Mourinho’s Porto on 16 November 2003.
His performance, making 2 possibilities and an effort on goal, affected the technical employees, and he subsequently began training daily with the club’s reserve side, Barcelona B, as well as weekly with the first team.
After his initial coaching session with the senior squad, Barça’s new star player, Ronaldinho, told his teammates that he believed the 16-year-old would become an even better player than himself.
Ronaldinho soon befriended Messi, whom he called “little brother”, which greatly eased his transition into the first team.
2005–08: Becoming a starting eleven player
“In my entire life, I even have ne’er seen a player of such quality and temperament at such a young age, significantly sporting the ‘heavy’ shirt of 1 of the world’s great clubs.”
—Fabio Capello praises the 18-year-old Messi following the Joan Gamper trophy in August 2005.
On twenty-four Gregorian calendar month 2005, his eighteenth birthday, Messi signed his initial contract as a senior team player. It created him an urban center player till 2010, 2 years but his previous contract,
however, his acquisition clause redoubled to €150 million. His breakthrough came 2 months later, on twenty-four August, throughout the Joan Gamper Trophy, Barcelona’s pre-season competition.
A starter for the primary time, he gave a well-received performance against Fabio Capello’s Juventus, receiving an ovation from the Camp Nou. While Capello requested to loan Messi, a bid to buy him came from Inter Milan,
who were willing to pay his €150 million buyout clause and triple his wages. According to then-president Joan Laporta, it was the only time the club faced a real risk of losing Messi, but he ultimately decided to stay. On sixteen Sep,
his contract was updated for the second time in 3 months and extended to 2014.
2009–11: Sustained success
During his 1st season beneath Barcelona’s new manager, former captain spirit Guardiola, Messi vies in the main on the proper wing, as he had beneath Rijkaard, tho’ this point as a false winger with the liberty to chop within and stray the center.
During the Clásico on 2 May 2009, however, he played for the first time as a false nine, positioned as a center-forward but dropping deep into midfield to link up with Xavi and Andrés Iniesta.
He aided with a chip his side’s 1st goal associated scored doubly to finish the match in an emphatic 6–2 conclusion, the team’s greatest-ever score at Real Madrid’s Santiago Bernabéu arena.
Returning to the wing, he vies his 1st final since breaking into the primary team on thirteen might, scoring once and assisting a second goal as Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 4–1 to win the Copa del Rey. With twenty-three league goals from Messi that season,
the city became La Liga champions 3 days later and achieved its fifth double.
2012: A record-breaking year
As Messi maintained his goalscoring form into the second half of the season, the year 2012 saw him break several longstanding records.
On 7 March, a period of time when marking four goals in an exceeding league fixture against Valencia, he scored 5 times in an exceedingly Champions League last 16-round match against pain pill Leverkusen, an unprecedented achievement in the history of the competition.
In addition to being the joint prime assist supplier with 5 assists, this effort created him prime scorer with fourteen goals, tying José Altafini’s record from the 1962–63 season,
as well as changing into solely the second player when Gerd Müller to be a prime scorer in four campaigns. Two weeks later, on twenty March,
2013–14: Messidependencia
Barcelona had just about secured their La Liga title by the beginning of 2013, eventually equalling Real Madrid’s 100-point record of the previous season.
However, their performances deteriorated within the half of the 2012–13 campaign, at the same time with Vilanova’s absence thanks to a pathological state.
However, a revival of form within the second leg LED to a 4–0 comeback, with 2 goals associated an assist from Messi. Now in his ninth senior season with the city,
Messi signed a brand new contract on seven Feb, committing himself to the club through 2018, while his fixed-wage rose to €13 million. He wore the captain’s armband for the primary time a month later, on seventeen March, in an exceeding league match against Rayo Vallecano; by then,
he had become the team’s tactical concentrate to a degree that was arguably rivaled solely by former city players Josep Samitier, László Kubala and Johan Cruyff.
Since his evolution into a false nine three years earlier, his input into the team’s attack had increased exponentially; from 24% in their treble-winning campaign, his goal contribution rose to more than 40% that season.
2014–15: A historic treble
A turning purpose came on eleven Gregorian calendar month throughout a 3–1 conclusion over Atlético capital of Spain, the primary time Barça’s assaultive lance of Messi,
Luis Suárez and Neymar, dubbed “MSN”, each scored in a match, marking the beginning of a highly successful run. After 5 years of enjoying within the center of the pitch,
Lionel Messi had come to his previous position on the proper wing late the previous year. By his own suggestion according to Suárez, their striker.
With fifty-eight goals from Messi, the trio scored a complete of 122 goals all told competitions that season.
2016–17: Fourth Golden Boot
Lionel Messi scored his first hat-trick of the season in the opening game of the 2016–17 UEFA.
this was conjointly Messi’s sixth hat-trick within the Champions League, the most by any player.
Lionel Messi marked his return with a goal. Scoring three minutes after coming off the bench in a 4–0.
Three days when this, he netted his thirty-seventh club hat-trick as Barcelona defeated Manchester City 4–0.
2017–18: Domestic double and a record fifth Golden Boot
On twenty-seven August, Messi scored his 1st 2 goals of the 2017–18 La Liga season.
Messi’s 1st goal marked his 350th within the fixture, changing into the primary player ever to attain this milestone.
On nine Sep, Messi scored his 1st hat-trick of the 2017–18 league campaign, against Espanyol in derby barceloní, therefore serving to secure a 5–0 home conclusion for Blaugrana over native rivals.
Lionel Messi reticulated double against Gianluigi Buffon, on twelve Sep, as Barça defeated the last season’s Italian champions Juventus 3–0 reception within the UEFA Champions League.
On 19 September, Lionel Messi found the net four times in a 6–1 thrashing of Eibar at the Camp Nou in La Liga. Three weeks later, on one Gregorian calendar month.
2019: Copa América
On 21 May 2019, Lionel Messi was included in Lionel Scaloni’s final 23-man Argentina squad for the 2019 Copa América.
In Argentina’s second group match of the tournament on 19 June. Messi scored the equalizing goal from the penalty spot in a 1–1 draw against Paraguay.
Following Argentina’s 2–0 defeat to hosts Brazil in the semi-finals on 2 July. Lionel Messi was critical of the refereeing during the match.
In the third-place match against Chile on 6 July. Lionel Messi set-up Agüero’s opening goal from a free kick in an eventual 2–1 win.
which ruled him out of Argentina’s next World Cup qualifier.
Style of play
This has diode the Spanish media to dub him La Pulga Atómica (“The Atomic Flea”). Despite being physically unimposing.
“Messi is the only player that runs faster with the ball than he does without it.”
Although he has improved his ability together with his weaker foot since his mid-20s, Messi is predominantly a left-footed player; with the outside of his left foot,
he usually begins dribbling runs, while he uses the inside of his foot to complete and supply passes and assists.
C.V. Raman’s full name is Chandrashekhar Venkata Raman. He was known as the first Indian Scientist who won the Nobel prize. In 1930 for his fabulous work regarding the scattering of light. C.V. worked as a physics professor for fifteen years at Calcutta University. He was a member of the royal society of London in 1924. Raman also won the British Empire (1929) Nobel prize (1930) for the discovery of the Raman effect.
